• Stocks vs. Bonds – Understand that stocks = ownership in a company while bonds = lending money to a company or government.
  
  
• Income vs. Growth – Learn how dividends, coupon interest, and capital gains provide different ways to earn from investments.
  
  
• Risk & Reward – Recognize that higher potential returns mean higher risk, and see where mutual funds and ETFs fit on the risk scale.
  
  

Goal-Based Choices – Match investments to time horizon, risk tolerance, and personal goals, from short-term safety to long-term growth.